Background and objectives: Pregnancy is a gift from nature that should be cherished for 9 months with no detrimental aspects. Depending on the demographic investigated, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus impacts 3 to 10 percent of pregnancies. The pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus is complicated by the steady rise in insulin resistance found during pregnancy (GDM). It is debatable if vitamin D deficiency correlates to poor glycemic control during pregnancy.
Materials and methods: In a tertiary care centre prospective cohort of pregnant women, we examined the correlations between first trimester 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) levels and the risk of developing GDM. Participants (n = 200) were seen for blood samples during the first (6-13 weeks) and second (24-28 weeks) trimesters. Each participant was chosen during their first trimester, and demographic information was collected. Height was measured in centimetres, and weight was measured in kilogrammes. BMI was determined as weight (kg) divided by height (m2). Diabetes family history, history of past abortion, obstetric score for gravidity, and previous history of GDM were all reported. Fasting blood sugar was tested, and those with HbA1c levels greater than 92 mg/dl were eliminated. Those having FBS values of 140 mg/dl underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were diagnosed with GDM or NGT using ACOG criteria.
Results: According to ACOG criteria, 17 subjects (4 percent) developed GDM. The 25 (OH) Vitamin D level was insufficient in 191 (96 percent) of the individuals, and subgroup analysis revealed a 25 (OH) Vitamin D3 level of <20 nmol/l in 48% of the subjects. In a logistic regression analysis of GDM risk factors, increasing age, increased BMI, and a 25 (OH) Vitamin D3 level of <20 nmol/l were found to be substantially linked with GDM risk. Although a 25 (OH) Vitamin D3 level of <20 nmol/l was found to be positively associated with an elevated risk of GDM, our investigation indicated that this risk was only apparent in advanced maternal age (29.07 ± 1.68).
Conclusion: 48 percent of research subjects had severe hypovitaminosis D. Pregnant females with very low vitamin D levels (<20 nmol/l) have a 2.45 chance of developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. In our investigation, we discovered that advanced maternal age, combined with a very low vitamin D level, may make a significant contribution to insulin resistance and an increased risk of GDM.